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C — Chalkcutter to Champerty (Part 1 of 6)

Chalkcutter
(Chalk"cut`ter) n. A man who digs chalk.

Chalkiness
(Chalk"i*ness) n. The state of being chalky.

Chalkstone
(Chalk"stone`) n.

1. A mass of chalk.

As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder.
Isa. xxvii. 9.

2. (Med.) A chalklike concretion, consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in those affected with gout; a tophus.

Chalky
(Chalk"y) a. Consisting of, or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky cliff; a chalky taste.

Challenge
(Chal"lenge) n. [OE. chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF. chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation, contest, fr. L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery. See Calumny.]

1. An invitation to engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance; specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons.

A challenge to controversy.
Goldsmith.

2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.

3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]

There must be no challenge of superiority.
Collier.

4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game.

5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. Blackstone

6. An exception to a person as not legally qualified to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is offered. [U. S.]

Challenge to the array (Law), an exception to the whole panel. — Challenge to the favor, the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to decide upon it. — Challenge to the polls, an exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors returned. — Peremptory challenge, a privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States) without assigning any cause. — Principal challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient if found to be true.

Challenge
(Chal"lenge), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Challenged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Challenging.] [OE. chalengen to accuse, claim, OF. chalengier, chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L. calumniar to attack with false accusations. See Challenge, n., and cf. Calumniate.]

1. To call to a contest of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.

I challenge any man to make any pretense to power by right of fatherhood.
Locke.

2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an offense by personal combat.

By this I challenge him to single fight.
Shak.