Chapter POOJAH to CIVILIAN of C by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary

Buxies

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Agreed that the President do pay the same out of cash.”—Consn. Ft. William, April 30, in Long, 43. .]

1807.—“There are two distinct kinds of buildings confounded by Europeans under the name of Choultry. The first is that called by the natives Chaturam, and built for the accommodation of travellers. These…have in general pent roofs…built in the form of a square enclosing a court.… The other kind are properly built for the reception of images, when these are carried in procession. These have flat roofs, and consist of one apartment only, and by the natives are called Mandapam.… Besides the Chaturam and the Mandapam, there is another kind of building which by Europeans is called Choultry; in the Tamul language it is called Tany Pundal, or Water Shed…small buildings where weary travellers may enjoy a temporary repose in the shade, and obtain a draught of water or milk.”—F. Buchanan, Mysore, i. 11, 15.

CINDERELLA’S SLIPPER. A Hindu story on the like theme appears among the Hala Kanara MSS. of the Mackenzie Collection:— “Suvarnadevi having dropped her slipper in a reservoir, it was found by a fisherman of Kusumakesari, who sold it to a shopkeeper, by whom it was presented to the King Ugrabáhu. The Prince, on seeing the beauty of the slipper, fell in love with the wearer, and offered large rewards to any person who should find and bring her to him. An old woman undertook the task, and succeeded in tracing the shoe to its owner.…”—Mackenzie Collection, by H. H. Wilson, ii. 52. [The tale is not uncommon in Indian folk-lore. See Miss Cox, Cinderella (Folk-lore Soc.), ii. 91, 183, 465, &c.]

CINTRA ORANGES. See ORANGE and SUNGTARA.

CIRCARS, n.p. The territory to the north of the Coromandel Coast, formerly held by the Nizam, and now forming the districts of Kistna, Godávari, Vizagapatam, Ganjám, and a part of Nellore, was long known by the title of “The Circars,” or “Northern Circars” (i.e. Governments), now officially obsolete. The Circars of Chicacole (now Vizagapatam Dist.), Rajamandri and Ellore (these two embraced now in Godá vari Dist.), with Condapilly (now embraced in Kistna Dist.), were the subject of a grant from the Great Mogul, obtained by Clive in 1765, confirmed by treaty with the Nizam in 1766. Gantur (now also included in Kistna Dist.) devolved eventually by the same treaty (but did not come permanently under British rule till 1803. [For the history see Madras Admin. Man. i. 179.] C. P. Brown says the expression “The Circars” was first used by the French, in the time of Bussy. [Another name for the Northern Circars was the Carling or Carlingo country, apparently a corr. of Kalinga (see KLING), see Pringle, Diary, &c., of Ft. St. George, 1st ser. vol. 2, p. 125. (See SIRCAR.)]

1758.—“Il est à remarquer qu’après mon départ d’Ayder Abad, Salabet Zingue a nommé un Phosdar, ou Gouverneur, pour les quatres Cerkars.”—Mémoire, by Bussy, in Lettres de MM. de Bussy, de Lally et autres, Paris, 1766, p. 24.

1767.—“Letter from the Chief and Council at Masulipatam…that in consequence of orders from the President and Council of Fort St. George for securing and sending away all vagrant Europeans that might be met with in the Circars, they have embarked there for this place.…”—Fort William Consn., in Long, 476 seq.

1789.—“The most important public transaction…is the surrender of the Guntoor Circar to the Company, by which it becomes possessed of the whole Coast, from Jaggernaut to Cape Comorin. The Nizam made himself master of that province, soon after Hyder’s invasion of the Carnatic, as an equivalent for the arrears of peshcush, due to him by the Company for the other Circars.”—Letter of T. Munro, in Life by Gleig, i. 70.

1823.—“Although the Sirkárs are our earliest possessions, there are none, perhaps, of which we have so little accurate knowledge in everything that regards the condition of the people.”—Sir T. Munro, in Selections, &c., by Sir A. Arbuthnot, i. 204.

We know from the preceding quotation what Munro’s spelling of the name was.

1836.—“The district called the Circars, in India, is part of the coast which extends from the Carnatic to Bengal.… The domestic economy of the people is singular; they inhabit villages (!!), and all labour is performed by public servants paid from the public stock.”—Phillips, Million of Facts, 320.

1878.—“General Sir J. C., C.B., K.C.S.I. He entered the Madras Army in 1820, and in 1834, according to official despatches, displayed ‘active zeal, intrepidity, and judgment’ in dealing with the savage tribes in Orissa known as the Circars” (!!!).—Obituary Notice in Homeward Mail, April 27.