Chapter Bates to Battles of B by Brewer's Readers Handbook

(3) Arbela (B.C. 331), by which Alexander overthrew Darius and introduced European habits into Asia.

(4) Metaurus (B.C. 207), in which the Romans defeated Hannibal, and Carthage came to ruin.

(5) Arminius (A.D. 9), in which the Gauls overthrew the Romans under Varus, and Gaul became independent.

(6) Chalons (A.D. 451), in which Attila, “The Scourge of God,” was defeated by Actius, and Europe saved from utter devastation.

(7) Tours (A.D. 732), in which Charles Martel overthrew the Saracens, and broke from Europe the Mohammedan yoke.

(8) Hastings (A.D. 1066), by which William the Norman became possessed of the English crown.

(9) Orléans (A.D. 1429), by which Joan of Arc raised the siege of the city and secured the independence of France.

(10) Armada (The) (A.D. 1588), which crushed the hopes of Spain and of the papacy in England.

(11) Blenheim (A.D. 1704), in which Marlborough, by the defeat of Tallard, broke off the ambitious schemes of Louis XIV.

(12) Pultowa (A.D. 1709), in which Charles XII. of Sweden was defeated by Peter the Great of Russia, and the stability of the Muscovite empire was established.

(13) Saratoga (A.D. 1777), in which general Gates defeated Burgoyne, and decided the fate of the American Revolution, by making France their ally.

(14) Valmy (A.D. 1792), in which the allied armies under the duke of Brunswick were defeated by the French Revolutionists, and the revolution was suffered to go on.

(15) Waterloo (A.D. 1815), in which Wellington defeated Napoleon and saved Europe from becoming a French province.

(See Battle of Barnet, p. 95.)

Battles. J. B. Martin, of Paris, painter of battle-scenes, was called by the French M. des Batailles (1659–1735).