Chapter TUXALL to TYRE of T by The Hobson Jobson Dictionary

J. M. W. Turner, in the R. A. Catalogue.

Mr. Ruskin appears to have had no doubt as to the etymology of Typhoon, for the rain-cloud from this picture is engraved in Modern Painters, vol. iv. as “The Locks of Typhon.” See Mr. Hamerton’s Life of Turner, pp. 288, 291, 345.

Punch parodied Turner in the following imaginary entry from the R.A. Catalogue: “34.—A Typhoon bursting in a Simoon over the Whirlpool of Maelstrom, Norway, with a ship on fire, an eclipse and the effect of a lunar rainbow.”

1853.—“… pointing as he spoke to a dark dirty line which was becoming more and more visible in the horizon:

“ ‘By Jove, yes!’ cried Stanton, ‘that’s a typhaon coming up, sure enough.’ ”— Oakfield, i. 122.

1859.—“The weather was sultry and unsettled, and my Jemadar, Ramdeen Tewarry … opined that we ought to make ready for the coming tuphan or tempest. … A darkness that might be felt, and that no lamp could illumine, shrouded our camp. The wind roared and yelled. It was a hurricane.”—Lt.-Col. Lewin, A Fly on the Wheel, p. 62.

Compare the next quotation, from the same writer, with that given above from Couto respecting the Olho de Boi:

1885.—“The district was subject to cyclonic storms of incredible violence, fortunately lasting for a very short time, but which often caused much destruction. These storms were heralded by the appearance above the horizon of clouds known to the natives by the name of ‘lady’s eyebrows,’ so called from their being curved in a narrow black-arched wisp, and these most surely foretold the approach of the tornado.” —Ibid. 176.

TYRE, s.Tamil and Malayal. tayir. The common term in S. India for curdled milk. It is the Skt. dadhi. Hind. dahi of Upper India, and probably the name is a corruption of that word.

1626.—“Many reasoned with the Iesuits, and some held vaine Discourses of the Creation, as that there were seuen seas; one of Salt water, the second of Fresh, the third of Honey, the fourth of Milke, the fift of Tair (which is Cream beginning to sowre).…”—Purchas, Pilgrimage, 561.

1651.—“Tayer, dat is dicke Melch, die wie Saen nommen.”—Rogerius, 138.

1672.—“Curdled milk, Tayer, or what we call Saane, is a thing very grateful to them, for it is very cooling, and used by them as a remedy, especially in hot fevers and smallpox, which is very prevalent in the country.”—Baldaeus, Zeylon, 403.

1776.—“If a Bramin applies himself to commerce, he shall not sell … Camphire and other aromaticks, or Honey, or Water, or Poison, or Flesh, or Milk, or Tyer (Sour Cream) or Ghee, or bitter Oil. …”—Halhed, Code, 41.

1782.—“Les uns en furent affligés pour avoir passé les nuits et dormi en plein air; d’autres pour avoir mangé du riz froid avec du Tair.”—Sonnerat, i. 201.

c. 1784.—“The Saniassi (Sunyasee), who lived near the chauderie (see CHOULTRY), took charge of preparing my meals, which consisted of rice, vegetables, tayar (lait caillé), and a little mologonier” (eau poivrée— see MULLIGATAWNY).—Haafner, i. 147.

[1800.—“The boiled milk, that the family has not used, is allowed to cool in the same vessel; and a little of the former day’s tyre, or curdled milk, is added to promote its coagulation.…”—Buchanan, Mysore, ii. 14.]

1822.—“He was indeed poor, but he was charitable; so he spread before them a repast, in which there was no lack of ghee, or milk, or tyer.”—The Gooroo Paramartan, E.T. by Babington, p. 80.

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