either salaries or perquisites, nor any other lucrative appointments but such whose functions are to be
exercised on board the sd vessels.
9. Should war arise between any two of the parties to this convention it shall not extend to this enterprise,
nor interrupt it; but as to this they shall be reputed at peace.
10. When Algiers shall be reduced to peace, the other pyratical states, if they refuse to discontinue their
pyracies shall become the objects of this convention, either successively or together as shall seem best.
11. Where this convention would interfere with treaties actually existing between any of the parties and
the sd states of Barbary, the treaty shall prevail, and such party shall be allowed to withdraw from the
operations against that state."
* * *Spain had just concluded a treaty with Algiers at the expense of
3. millions of dollars, and did not like to relinquish the benefit of that until the other party should fail in
their observance of it. Portugal, Naples, the two Sicilies, Venice, Malta, Denmark and Sweden were
favorably disposed to such an association; but their representatives at Paris expressed apprehensions
that France would interfere, and, either openly or secretly support the Barbary powers; and they required
that I should ascertain the dispositions of the Count de Vergennes on the subject. I had before taken
occasion to inform him of what we were proposing, and therefore did not think it proper to insinuate any
doubt of the fair conduct of his government; but stating our propositions, I mentioned the apprehensions
entertained by us that England would interfere in behalf of those piratical governments. "She dares not
do it," said he. I pressed it no further. The other agents were satisfied with this indication of his sentiments,
and nothing was now wanting to bring it into direct and formal consideration, but the assent of our government,
and their authority to make the formal proposition. I communicated to them the favorable prospect of
protecting our commerce from the Barbary depredations, and for such a continuance of time as, by an
exclusion of them from the sea, to change their habits & characters from a predatory to an agricultural
people: towards which however it was expected they would contribute a frigate, and it's expenses to be
in constant cruise. But they were in no condition to make any such engagement. Their recommendatory
powers for obtaining contributions were so openly neglected by the several states that they declined an
engagement which they were conscious they could not fulfill with punctuality; and so it fell through. May 17. In 1786. while at Paris I became acquainted with John Ledyard of Connecticut, a man of genius,
of some science, and of fearless courage, & enterprise. He had accompanied Capt Cook in his voyage
to the Pacific, had distinguished himself on several occasions by an unrivalled intrepidity, and published
an account of that voyage with details unfavorable to Cook's deportment towards the savages, and lessening
our regrets at his fate. Ledyard had come to Paris in the hope of forming a company to engage in the
fur trade of the Western coast of America. He was disappointed in this, and being out of business, and
of a roaming, restless character, I suggested to him the enterprise of exploring the Western part of our
continent, by passing thro St. Petersburg to Kamschatka, and procuring a passage thence in some of
the Russian vessels to Nootka Sound, whence he might make his way across the continent to America; and
I undertook to have the permission of the Empress of Russia solicited. He eagerly embraced the proposition,
and M. de Semoulin, the Russian Ambassador, and more particularly Baron Grimm the special correspondent
of the Empress, solicited her permission for him to pass thro' her dominions to the Western coast of
America. And here I must correct a material error which I have committed in another place to the prejudice
of the Empress. In writing some Notes of the life of Capt Lewis, prefixed to his expedition to the Pacific,
I stated that the Empress gave the permission asked, & afterwards retracted it. This idea, after a lapse
of 26 years, had so insinuated itself into my mind, that I committed it to paper without the least suspicion
of error. Yet I find, on recurring to my letters of that date that the Empress refused permission at once,
considering the enterprise as entirely chimerical. But Ledyard would not relinquish it, persuading himself
that by proceeding to St. Petersburg he could satisfy the Empress of it's practicability and obtain her
permission. He went accordingly, but she was absent on a visit to some distant part of her dominions,4
and he pursued his course to within 200. miles of Kamschatka, where he was overtaken by an arrest
from the Empress, brought back to Poland, and there dismissed. I must therefore in justice, acquit the
Empress of ever having for a moment countenanced, even by the indulgence of an innocent passage
thro' her territories this interesting enterprise.