Chapter Philomel to Phœnician of P by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

Philosophic
(Phil`o*soph"ic Phil`o*soph"ic*al) a. [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. — Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Philosophism
(Phi*los"o*phism) n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.

Philosophist
(Phi*los"o*phist) n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in philosophy.

Philosophistic
(Phi*los`o*phis"tic Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al) a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

Philosophize
(Phi*los"o*phize) v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized ; p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing ] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.

Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Philosophizer
(Phi*los"o*phi`zer) n. One who philosophizes.

Philosophy
(Phi*los"o*phy) n.; pl. Philosophies [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. . See Philosopher.]

1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.

When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.

"Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; — the science of effects by their causes; — the science of sufficient reasons; — the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; — the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; — the science of truths sensible and abstract; — the application of reason to its legitimate objects; — the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; — the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; — the science of science; — the science of the absolute; — the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.

[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie.

Chaucer.

We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school.

Locke.